In the 2020 election cycle, there were more than $1 billion in undisclosed spending of that money, $514 million was spent to help Democrats and $200 million was spent to help Republicans. "The vast majority" of what is spent "is not being disclosed to the Federal Election Commission". elections, but not only are its donors not being disclosed, the total quantity of the dark money isn't either. As of 2022, the non-profit OpenSecrets states that Dark money is "pouring" into U.S. FEC, marked the turning point when dark money contributions surged, and some political groups began contending that they were not required to register with the FEC as any sort of PAC because their primary purpose was something other than electoral politics. Dark spending increased from less than $5.2 million in 2006 to well over $300 million in the 2012 presidential cycle, and more than $174 million in the 2014 midterms, $216 in the 2014 midterm elections, The 2010 landmark case, Citizens United v. Valeo (1976), when the United States Supreme Court laid out " Eight Magic Words" that define the difference between electioneering and issue advocacy - exempting the latter from election finance laws.
ĭark money first entered politics with Buckley v. Proponents of dark money maintain it is protected under the First Amendment, while critics complain recipients of dark money (as with any contribution) "knows exactly who he owes a favor", but voters are kept in the dark about connections between donor and politician when favors are paid back. Such organizations can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals and unions.
The most common type of dark money group is the 501(c)(4) (often called social welfare organizations). In the United States, some types of nonprofit organizations may spend money on campaigns without disclosing who their donors are. In the politics of the United States, dark money refers to spending to influence elections where the source of the money is not disclosed to voters.
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